{"id":4800,"date":"2023-04-13T13:37:16","date_gmt":"2023-04-13T13:37:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/roydadnaft.ir\/English\/?p=4800"},"modified":"2023-04-13T13:37:18","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T13:37:18","slug":"new-technology-could-bring-hydrogen-into-the-mainstream","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roydadnaft.ir\/English\/4800\/","title":{"rendered":"New Technology Could Bring Hydrogen Into The Mainstream"},"content":{"rendered":"
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One of the world\u2019s biggest challenges is slashing emissions before it\u2019s too late. In fact, we\u2019ve only got until 2050 in order to avoid some of the worst effects of climate change. And guess what? Asking people to ditch meat isn\u2019t going to be enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even a drastic reduction in the use of fossil fuels alone won\u2019t stop the Earth from reaching a point of no return.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solutions must come from every corner of the world, and cover every major industry and the power and process they use. And they need to come fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s why the energy transition is a race that can only be won by the most advanced technologies and engineers with unique minds for creative solutions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otherwise, we risk getting caught in a loop of perpetual motion with respect to greenhouse gas emissions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The story of hydrogen has been a cautionary tale to this end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The \u201cgreenest\u201d hydrogen is now produced using electrolysis, a process powered by renewable energy. But it\u2019s still too energy intensive and threatens to displace renewables from the grid, bringing us back to square one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The dirtier processes use 100% natural gas to produce hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

North America needs more sustainable solutions\u2013everywhere\u2013and it\u2019s running out of time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enter GH Power. <\/strong>It\u2019s a Canadian energy producer<\/a> that may just have the answer. Its 1-25MW reactors use proprietary exothermic reactions to create three highly valuable green outputs: hydrogen, alumina (aluminum oxide) and exothermic heat that can be used to generate power for the grid. This smaller, modular reactor uses zero hydrocarbons and creates no carbon footprint offering flexible solutions based on the end-user. The reactor requires only a small amount of energy to start-up, and then it produces its green outputs at a cost that is significantly cheaper than existing processes such as electrolysis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The scaled-up 25MW version of this reactor planned for the future produces the same three green outputs using either pure hydrogen or hydrogen blends of natural gas in a turbine. This blend speaks to the heart of the energy transition that is working toward the development of a turbine that can run on 100% hydrogen. With existing turbine technology, GH Power\u2019s scaled-up 25MW reactor will produce hydrogen, alumina and exothermic heat for a carbon footprint that is 25% lower than a system that is run on pure natural gas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s an exciting time for GH Power<\/a> and its team of world-class engineers. They\u2019ve successfully completed Phase 1 testing of their 1MW reactor in Hamilton, Ontario, and are reassembling it in a new facility and preparing it for commercial operations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Output #1 Hydrogen: The Race to Transform This Critical Gas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By now, everyone knows that green hydrogen is our only pathway to an energy transition. The International Energy Agency (IEA) believes that the world will need 520 million tonnes<\/a> of hydrogen to achieve net-zero targets by 2050. One way or another, clean hydrogen will power the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hydrogen is used to make ammonia-based fertilizer for global crops, an area in which going green has reached a critical juncture. Hydrogen could also be the only power source that could wean heavy industry off oil and gas. It could be the only way to decarbonize air travel and heavy shipping. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presently, hydrogen is produced most commonly either via natural gas reforming<\/a> (gasification)–a carbon-intensive process\u2013or through electrolysis<\/a>, which is a clean but expensive and energy-intensive process. There are two huge challenges for hydrogen production: The first is getting the costs down to make it competitive with conventional transportation fuels. The second is mitigating the environmental impacts of the production processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In other words, while hydrogen as an output is a green savior, if the inputs are transitional, and if it\u2019s diverting renewable energy from the grid and forcing consumers to use more oil and gas as a result, then we\u2019re back at square one. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using only water and aluminum\u2013a \u201cgreen\u201d metal itself because it is highly recyclable\u2013North American GH Power has developed a unique process using an exothermic reaction to create three outputs that are critical to a global energy transition: green hydrogen, green alumina and exothermic heat for power generation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

An \u201cexothermic\u201d process means that heat is released by the reaction, taking the form of energy. This is the opposite of an endothermic reaction, in which energy is absorbed from the environment into the reaction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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When GH Power builds its scaled-up 25MW reactor, it will give the world an opportunity to produce significantly cleaner hydrogen for significantly lower costs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe only practical solutions for society to reduce carbon emissions is to transition from 100% fossil fuels to cleaner tech,\u201d and one of the steps in tackling this is to blend hydrogen with fossil fuels and ramp up the hydrogen content whenever possible,\u201d says Dave White, GH Power CEO and a veteran engineer in the power generation space. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The hydrogen produced by GH Power provides users with a carbon-free power source, right in North America. The reactor requires only a small amount of start-up power, for approximately 30 minutes. Once it\u2019s running at a steady state, it produces power back to the grid and it\u2019s designed to run 24\/7. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And it\u2019s all modular and built within the last-mile of the energy user. For hydrogen, it\u2019s a huge competitive advantage to be able to build a plant right where it\u2019s needed, without massive hydrogen storage facilities and without transportation needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With a blend of 25% hydrogen and 75% natural gas, GH Power will burn 2,800 tonnes of Hydrogen\/year and 1,091,391 MMBtu of natural gas per year. That\u2019s a 25% reduction in carbon emissions compared to a turbine run on 100% natural gas. In other words, the scaled-up reactor saves the planet from 20,000 tons of carbon per year.  GH Power intends to ramp up to 40% hydrogen content in the short- medium-term once the plant is operational, shaving even more carbon off the world\u2019s footprint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flipping the switch on a turbine with a hydrogen\/natural gas blend of 25\/75 is set to make a huge splash, globally. The Paris climate target is a 40% reduction by 2050 of CO2, and there is not a single country that is even close to making that happen. It\u2019s never been done on an industrial scale, and GH Power is hoping to raise the bar here with a first. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This proprietary exothermic reaction technology is award-winning, globally. Most recently, GH Power was awarded $2.2 million in a grant under a joint program by the governments of Canada and Germany. The alliance with Germany<\/a> will build on Canada\u2019s Hydrogen Strategy and mark a step toward Canada\u2019s objective of becoming a top global supplier of clean hydrogen. In fact, the alliance sees this all kickstarting a new Transatlantic supply chain for hydrogen, with Russia\u2019s war on Ukraine lending significant momentum to these projects. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

For GH Power\u2019s unique exothermic reactor solution, the economics make perfect sense. GH Power estimates that its process to produce green hydrogen costs significantly less than electrolysis. And its 1MW reactors don\u2019t require any electricity from the grid, which eliminates further strain and cost on transmission and generation assets. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The near-zero-carbon 1MW demonstration reactor will start generating revenues for GH Power in the third quarter of this year already. Construction\/reassembly started on January 12 and will wrap up on April 14. Annually, this first reactor is forecast produce 120 million tons of hydrogen, 1,800 million tons of alumina, while outputting 1MW of energy via exothermic heat. The cost to complete this first-of-a-kind technology is $7 million, with historic capex is $3 million, with an initial rate of return of 31%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once GH Power\u2019s reactor is scaled up from 1MW to 25MW, electrical power generation will be produced from the recaptured exothermic reaction, sending approximately 2.5 MWe gross output to the grid. The other green outputs\u2013hydrogen and alumina\u2013will be directed to other commodity markets in significantly higher volume. And that\u2019s where revenues start to look even more interesting. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The scaled-up version has a projected EBIDTA of $51 million and an IRR of 45%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

There\u2019s a fourth revenue stream, as well\u2013carbon credits. The team at GH Power is in the process of joining the Vera Carbon Pathway program, which provides a mechanism for generating and verifying carbon offset credits to add to the revenue stream. Initial estimates are that GH Power could produce 1.1 tons of carbon offset credits for every ton of alumina produced. The company should be selling carbon credits by April next year. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Output #2: Alumina, The Essential Greening in the Shadow of Hydrogen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While hydrogen gets all the hype, the greening of aluminum oxide, or alumina, is critical if we are to meet our 2050 climate goals. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alumina is a highly valuable mainstay of countless industries. At its highest grades, it is used in LED lighting, semiconductors, electric vehicle batteries\u2013and all of today\u2019s key consumer electronics. At its lowest grades, it is used as an industrial abrasive and in the production of aluminum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alumina demand is soaring, and we\u2019re looking at a supply squeeze in the next few years. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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But we can\u2019t just produce more alumina. We need to produce green alumina. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Traditionally, bauxite refineries produce alumina by refining bauxite and raw aluminum ore. This refining, called the Bayer process, is toxic, and produces a byproduct called \u201cred mud\u201d. It is energy and chemically intensive and has a significant carbon footprint.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Again, using only two inputs\u2013aluminum and water\u2013GH Power is setting out to change how we produce alumina. The green alumina it produces in its 1MW reactor, which is currently being prepped for commercial operations, leaves no carbon footprint. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The GH Power reaction produces high-quality, high-purity aluminum oxide as a byproduct of the oxidizing reaction, which itself is virtually carbon-free. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the National Research Council of Canada conducted a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of GHP\u2019s alumina production process, it concluded that it produces 85% fewer carbon emissions than the Bayer process. And GH Power<\/a> is continually working to reduce the footprint even more by experimenting with different aluminum feedstocks, including recycled aluminum and end-of-life aluminum. The value of alumina should not be underestimated. While prices vary significantly depending on grade, for the highest grade, alumina fetches up to $50\/kg. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And GH Power has a clear cost advantage when it comes to production\u2013and greening. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the aluminum slurry reacts with water in GH Power\u2019s reactor, the oxygen leaves the water molecule and attaches to the aluminum. For every 1 kg of aluminum reacted, 1.8 kgs of green alumina is created. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

GH Power estimates that its cost to produce green alumina is over 85% cheaper than other existing processes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Direct competitors in alumina production, such as Alpha HPA, FYI Resources Limited and Altech Chemicals fall short on emissions, annual volume projections, production costs and estimated margins. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

GH Power\u2019s forecast Capex per ton is only $555, compared to $20,000 for the closest competitor (Alpha HPA) and nearly $67,000 for Altech. It\u2019s winning the margins game, too, with a margin estimate of 92% compared to the next highest, FYI Resources, at 75%. While Altech\u2019s production cost is $9.9 per kilogram, GH Power is forecast to produce at only $2\/kg. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

GH Power\u2019s first commercial reactor in Ontario is expected to be producing 1,800 mt of alumina annually, potentially generating ~$6 million in annual revenues. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And, importantly, GH Power\u2019s 1MW reactor process for producing alumina gives us a zero-emissions product, while its three competitors are using carbon-heavy hydrochloric acid leaching and aluminous clay conversion.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Output #3: Exothermic Heat, for Clean Power Generation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While hydrogen produced through electrolysis relies on a significant amount of constant renewable energy, removing that energy from the grid, GH Power\u2019s reactor is returning clean energy to the grid through exothermic heat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s doing this only 30 minutes after startup, for a self-sustaining reaction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The market applications are truly diverse: This proprietary exothermic reaction technology can produce electricity to power homes and industries, steam to provide district heating, and fuel for cars, trucks, buses, trains\u2013and even large sea-faring vessels. And its green hydrogen can be blended into existing natural gas pipelines to reduce carbon footprints. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Approximately 50% of the energy from GH Power\u2019s reactor can be turned into heat, steam or electricity. That will render the company a net power producer to the grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The team at GH Power represents the leading minds in power generation, and collectively, they have commissioned over 20 power plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Led by CEO Dave White, a power-generation facility construction veteran, GH Power has been quietly working on its boldest move in the sector yet. Once the reactor in Hamilton is up and running commercially, we could see a clear pathway to a future of rational green hydrogen production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When GH Power switches the switch on its first 1MW reactor in Hamilton, Ontario, the world will be watching the energy transition victory that started back in 2018, when engineers began experimenting for a breakthrough. That breakthrough came when these engineers\u2013who today form GH Power\u2013discovered that they could \u201creact\u201d, in a continuous manner, any form of aluminum, including aluminum waste, to create green hydrogen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using only two inputs, zero hydrocarbons and only about 1% of the land required to produce solar energy, GH Power is gearing up to bring its first 1MW reactor online commercially. It\u2019s a circular economic model that creates multiple revenue streams, with free cash flow expected in the third quarter of this year, and the company is looking at enhanced returns of 45% before tax credits and 70% after tax credits.  That\u2019s only the beginning. GH Power has originated a pipeline of 5-30 MW power projects, around the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scalable, modular, affordable\u2013and vastly cleaner, GH Power\u2019s unique solution for three green outputs helps define how we can truly tackle the energy transition and contribute to net-zero emissions by 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are a number of other companies working on hydrogen technology solutions.  BP (NYSE:BP)<\/strong> is a multinational energy company that has been involved in producing and distributing oil and gas for over a century. In recent years, however, the Big Oil icon has been betting big on a new fuel source: hydrogen technology.BP has acquired a 40.5% stake in a 26-gigawatt renewables project in Australia that could produce green hydrogen and is also looking to create its own hydrogen hub at the 133-year-old northwest Indiana refinery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The goal of these endeavors is to make hydrogen accessible and affordable for consumers by reducing the cost of production and distribution. By using renewable sources like wind or solar power to extract hydrogen from water, BP hopes to reduce emissions associated with traditional methods of producing hydrogen<\/a>. This would make it easier for businesses and individuals to transition from fossil fuels to cleaner, more sustainable energy sources such as green hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Plug Power (NASDAQ:PLUG)<\/strong>  may be a new kid on the energy block, it\u2019s is a leading provider of clean energy solutions powered by hydrogen fuel cells. The company designs, manufactures, and distributes its products to customers around the world, including well-known companies like Amazon and Walmart. Plug Power’s mission is to provide reliable, cost-effective solutions for customers looking to reduce their carbon footprint and transition to more sustainable energy sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plug Power’s products are centered around hydrogen fuel cell technology,<\/a> which converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity with no harmful emissions. The company’s ProGen line of fuel cells can be used in transportation, material handling equipment, backup power systems, and stationary power systems. Plug Power also provides turnkey solutions for customers, including designing, installing, and maintaining hydrogen fuel cell systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plug Power has been heavily involved in the hydrogen industry since its inception and has been a key player in driving down the cost of fuel cell technology. The company has partnered with major automakers like Renault and Mercedes-Benz to develop new hydrogen-powered vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bloom Energy (NYSE:BE)<\/strong> is another new name in the energy market, but it\u2019s quickly becoming a global leader in providing clean energy solutions. And it\u2019s doing it with solid oxide fuel cell technology (SOFC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bloom\u2019s mission is to make clean energy accessible for everyone by providing reliable, affordable electricity from renewable sources such as solar or wind power, combined with SOFC technology that converts natural gas into electricity without combustion or emissions of any kind, making it one of the most efficient forms of renewable energy available today!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bloom Energy has partnered with several major companies<\/a>, such as Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp. (TSX:AQN) and Shell plc (NYSE:SHEL), on a range of projects involving SOFC technology to help reduce their carbon footprints while increasing their efficiency levels through the use of renewable energy sources such as hydrogen fuel cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Air Products & Chemicals (NYSE:APD) <\/strong>is a world-class industrial gas company that has been in operation for over 80 years. The company is focused on serving energy, environmental, and emerging markets and is now turning its attention to hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Air Products is actively involved in developing hydrogen technologies such as fuel cells and electrolyzers, which are used to convert water into hydrogen fuel. The company also provides equipment and services for producing, storing, and distributing hydrogen. In addition, Air Products has invested heavily in research and development related to hydrogen production from renewable sources such as wind or solar power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Air Products’ commitment to developing clean energy solutions<\/a> makes it an ideal partner for companies looking to reduce their carbon footprint. By leveraging its expertise in industrial gases and hydrogen technologies, Air Products is helping to create a more sustainable future by providing clean energy solutions that are both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. With its focus on innovation and sustainability, APD is well positioned to lead the global shift towards a greener economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cummins (NYSE:CMI) <\/strong>is a household name in the power generation industry, and it has recently joined the hydrogen bandwagon with massive investments in hydrogen technology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact, Cummins is looking to drop more than $1 billion across its U.S. manufacturing network, with a focus on hydrogen-related projects. This includes the development of a new hydrogen combustion engine platform that could replace traditional diesel engines. Cummins also plans to invest in hydrogen electrolyzers, which are devices or systems that use electricity to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shell Plc (NYSE:SHEL)<\/strong> is another oil and gas company dipping its toes into the hydrogen world. The company is already investing heaps of cash into the research and development of green hydroge<\/a>n, produced through electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shell has recently announced plans to build Europe’s largest green hydrogen plant in Holland, with an expected capacity to produce up to 60,000 kilograms of green hydrogen daily. This project is part of Shell’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and transitioning towards a low-carbon future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to building Europe’s largest green hydrogen plant, Shell is also collaborating with GE Gas Power on the development of technologies for hydrogen combustion. This partnership will enable Shell to further explore the potential applications of liquid hydrogen in emerging large scale markets. Furthermore, Shell has also invested in other projects related to hydrogen fuel cells, including a 20 MW electrolyser in Germany and a fuel cell bus fleet project in California.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linde Plc (NYSE:LIN)<\/strong> is a world leader in industrial gases and related technologies, and it has recently made significant investments in hydrogen technology<\/a>. In 2021, Linde announced plans to invest \u20ac100 million into hydrogen projects across Europe and the USA to reduce carbon emissions and increase the use of renewable energy sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linde’s commitment to clean energy solutions includes developing green hydrogen production facilities that use electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. The company also collaborates with other organizations on research and development initiatives related to liquid hydrogen solutions for large-scale markets. Furthermore, Linde is investing in fuel-cell bus fleet projects, demonstrating how zero-emission transportation is a viable option for cities looking to reduce their carbon footprint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ballard Power Systems Inc. (NASDAQ:BLDP, TSX:BLDP)<\/strong> is a leading global provider of innovative clean energy fuel cell solutions. Founded in 1979, Ballard has been at the forefront of developing and manufacturing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells for markets such as heavy-duty motive, portable power, material handling and backup power applications. Ballard aims to enable fuel-cell electric vehicles to become commercially viable by providing cost-effective fuel-cell products<\/a> with superior performance at reduced operating costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ballard’s hydrogen fuel cell power systems are designed to provide reliable, clean and efficient energy solutions for a ton of different applications. The company’s products are used across a number of industries, including transportation, stationary power generation and backup power applications. Ballard’s technology is also being used to develop zero-emission buses and other commercial vehicles and in stationary applications such as telecom base stations and data centers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Algonquin Power & Utilities Corp. (TSX:AQN)<\/strong> is a diversified energy and utilities company focusing on clean power generation and distribution. The company operates in Canada and the U.S., providing renewable energy, natural gas, water and wastewater services<\/a> to over one million customers across North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Algonquin is actively investing in hydrogen technology as part of its goal to reduce emissions while still providing reliable energy solutions to its customers. They have invested in building a production facility for green hydrogen that will use wind-generated electricity from their Canadian renewable energy portfolio to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. This initiative will enable them to produce zero-emission fuel for transportation, industrial uses and more efficient electricity generation through fuel cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s also using state-of-the-art technology to develop new renewable fuels like biofuels, synthetic fuels and other low-carbon alternatives that have the potential to further reduce their environmental footprint while providing solutions for meeting customer needs quickly and cost-effectively. Algonquin Power & Utilities is committed to finding sustainable solutions that ensure a better future for generations to come.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enbridge (TSX:ENB) <\/strong>is a Canadian energy infrastructure company that delivers natural gas, crude oil and renewable energy to consumers across North America. With operations in Canada and the U.S., Enbridge provides clean and safe energy delivery to millions of people on an ongoing basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enbridge is dedicated to enabling the transition towards a low-carbon economy<\/a> through the reliable delivery of clean energy solutions. Their partnership with educational institutions such as Saskatchewan Polytechnic will help accelerate hydrogen production and usage innovation for a wide range of industries, including transportation, agriculture, and manufacturing. This collaboration will enable them to build a future powered by sustainable sources of clean energy such as renewables and green hydrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FuelCell Energy Inc. (TSX:FCE) <\/strong>is a leading global producer of ultra-clean, efficient and reliable fuel cell solutions for the transportation, stationary power, and distributed generation markets. The company uses state-of-the-art technology to design and manufacture Direct Fuel Cell (DFC) power plants that use renewable fuels such as biogas or natural gas to generate clean electricity with low emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the past few years, FuelCell Energy has also developed an energy storage solution<\/a> utilizing hydrogen fuel cells which stores energy through electrolysis and subsequent hydrogen storage in tanks with liquid electrolytes.By. Michael Kern of Oilprice.com<\/p>\n

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